Stage 1 — Pay or challenge in 28 days
When an FCN is issued (by a Gardaí member, traffic warden, or local-authority enforcement officer) you have 28 days to pay €40 (most parking FCNs) or submit a written challenge to the issuing authority. Make the challenge in writing — letter or email — citing the contravention reference and your statutory ground.
Stage 2 — Pay €60 or face court (days 29-56)
Between days 29-56 the fine doubles to €60 but you can still pay or maintain a challenge. After day 56 the council can apply for a District Court summons, which adds penalty points and a higher fine.
Stage 3 — District Court
If you receive a summons, the case is heard in the District Court. You can plead not guilty and present your defence in person. Common winning grounds: signage non-compliant with S.I. 182/1997, mistake of identity, mitigating circumstances under Road Traffic Act 1994 s.103, or service defects.