Civil, not criminal (almost always)
In all 50 states a parking citation is a civil infraction, not a criminal offence — it does not create a criminal record. The only exception is repeat scofflaw enforcement: in a few cities (notably NYC and Chicago) accumulating very large unpaid balances can trigger criminal contempt proceedings.
How much is a US parking citation?
Ranges from $25 in small Midwestern cities to $115 in NYC to $200+ for fire-hydrant and disabled-bay violations. Late fees commonly double the amount after 14-30 days.
Who issues them?
Parking enforcement officers (also called "PEOs", "traffic enforcement agents", or "meter maids") issue most citations. In some cities police officers also issue parking citations. Private parking operators on private land issue "violation notices" but cannot use government enforcement.