Written declaration — fastest, no travel
You write a brief and submit it (with photos and evidence) by post or via the city portal. A hearing officer reviews and decides on the papers. Best when: your defence is documentary (sign photos, payment receipts, time-stamped evidence) and you have no witnesses.
Online video hearing — modern compromise
Available in NYC, LA, SF, Chicago, and growing. You appear by Zoom / city video portal at a scheduled time. Best when: you have evidence to present live or witness testimony, but cannot travel to the hearing room.
In-person hearing — most powerful
You appear at the parking-violations office or administrative hearings court. The hearing officer can question both sides. Best when: the city's evidence is weak (no photo, conflicting officer testimony) and live cross-examination would expose the weakness.