Stage 1 — Initial review (21 days)
Within 21 days of the citation, request an initial review in writing from the issuing agency. They must conduct a "no-cost initial review" and notify you of the outcome. About 30% of citations are dismissed at this stage.
Stage 2 — Administrative hearing (21 days, deposit required)
If the initial review fails, request an administrative hearing within 21 days of the result. You must deposit the citation amount (refunded if you win) unless you qualify for indigent-status waiver. The hearing is by mail, phone, or in person.
Stage 3 — Superior Court (30 days)
If you lose the administrative hearing, you have 30 days to appeal to the California Superior Court. Filing fee is $25, and the court reviews the hearing record. Rare but binding.